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  <div class="section" id="installing-and-configuring-unix-client-machines">
<h1>Installing and configuring UNIX client machines<a class="headerlink" href="#installing-and-configuring-unix-client-machines" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<p>The Kerberized client programs include <a class="reference internal" href="../user/user_commands/kinit.html#kinit-1"><em>kinit</em></a>,
<a class="reference internal" href="../user/user_commands/klist.html#klist-1"><em>klist</em></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="../user/user_commands/kdestroy.html#kdestroy-1"><em>kdestroy</em></a>, and <a class="reference internal" href="../user/user_commands/kpasswd.html#kpasswd-1"><em>kpasswd</em></a>.  All of
these programs are in the directory <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">/usr/bin</span></tt>.</p>
<p>You can often integrate Kerberos with the login system on client
machines, typically through the use of PAM.  The details vary by
operating system, and should be covered in your operating system&#8217;s
documentation.  If you do this, you will need to make sure your users
know to use their Kerberos passwords when they log in.</p>
<p>You will also need to educate your users to use the ticket management
programs kinit, klist, and kdestroy.  If you do not have Kerberos
password changing integrated into the native password program (again,
typically through PAM), you will need to educate users to use kpasswd
in place of its non-Kerberos counterparts passwd.</p>
<div class="section" id="client-machine-configuration-files">
<h2>Client machine configuration files<a class="headerlink" href="#client-machine-configuration-files" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Each machine running Kerberos should have a <a class="reference internal" href="conf_files/krb5_conf.html#krb5-conf-5"><em>krb5.conf</em></a> file.
At a minimum, it should define a <strong>default_realm</strong> setting in
<a class="reference internal" href="conf_files/krb5_conf.html#libdefaults"><em>[libdefaults]</em></a>.  If you are not using DNS SRV records
(<a class="reference internal" href="realm_config.html#kdc-hostnames"><em>Hostnames for KDCs</em></a>) or URI records (<a class="reference internal" href="realm_config.html#kdc-discovery"><em>KDC Discovery</em></a>), it must
also contain a <a class="reference internal" href="conf_files/krb5_conf.html#realms"><em>[realms]</em></a> section containing information for your
realm&#8217;s KDCs.</p>
<p>Consider setting <strong>rdns</strong> to false in order to reduce your dependence
on precisely correct DNS information for service hostnames.  Turning
this flag off means that service hostnames will be canonicalized
through forward name resolution (which adds your domain name to
unqualified hostnames, and resolves CNAME records in DNS), but not
through reverse address lookup.  The default value of this flag is
true for historical reasons only.</p>
<p>If you anticipate users frequently logging into remote hosts
(e.g., using ssh) using forwardable credentials, consider setting
<strong>forwardable</strong> to true so that users obtain forwardable tickets by
default.  Otherwise users will need to use <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kinit</span> <span class="pre">-f</span></tt> to get
forwardable tickets.</p>
<p>Consider adjusting the <strong>ticket_lifetime</strong> setting to match the likely
length of sessions for your users.  For instance, if most of your
users will be logging in for an eight-hour workday, you could set the
default to ten hours so that tickets obtained in the morning expire
shortly after the end of the workday.  Users can still manually
request longer tickets when necessary, up to the maximum allowed by
each user&#8217;s principal record on the KDC.</p>
<p>If a client host may access services in different realms, it may be
useful to define a <a class="reference internal" href="conf_files/krb5_conf.html#domain-realm"><em>[domain_realm]</em></a> mapping so that clients know
which hosts belong to which realms.  However, if your clients and KDC
are running release 1.7 or later, it is also reasonable to leave this
section out on client machines and just define it in the KDC&#8217;s
krb5.conf.</p>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">Installing and configuring UNIX client machines</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#client-machine-configuration-files">Client machine configuration files</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../user/index.html">For users</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html">For administrators</a><ul class="current">
<li class="toctree-l2 current"><a class="reference internal" href="install.html">Installation guide</a><ul class="current">
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="install_kdc.html">Installing KDCs</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="">Installing and configuring UNIX client machines</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="install_appl_srv.html">UNIX Application Servers</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="conf_files/index.html">Configuration Files</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="realm_config.html">Realm configuration decisions</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="database.html">Database administration</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="lockout.html">Account lockout</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="conf_ldap.html">Configuring Kerberos with OpenLDAP back-end</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="appl_servers.html">Application servers</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="host_config.html">Host configuration</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="backup_host.html">Backups of secure hosts</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pkinit.html">PKINIT configuration</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="otp.html">OTP Preauthentication</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="princ_dns.html">Principal names and DNS</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="enctypes.html">Encryption types</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="https.html">HTTPS proxy configuration</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="auth_indicator.html">Authentication indicators</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="admin_commands/index.html">Administration  programs</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../mitK5defaults.html">MIT Kerberos defaults</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="env_variables.html">Environment variables</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="troubleshoot.html">Troubleshooting</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/index.html">Advanced topics</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="various_envs.html">Various links</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../appdev/index.html">For application developers</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../plugindev/index.html">For plugin module developers</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../build/index.html">Building Kerberos V5</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../basic/index.html">Kerberos V5 concepts</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../formats/index.html">Protocols and file formats</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../mitK5features.html">MIT Kerberos features</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../build_this.html">How to build this documentation from the source</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../about.html">Contributing to the MIT Kerberos Documentation</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../resources.html">Resources</a></li>
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